合同法merepuff

1. 请高手帮我翻译一下这段文字

合同法规定了交流的当事方之间的承诺履行或不履行的行为强制执行的法院。合同可形成从口头或书面协议。的概念“合同”是根据拉丁美洲词组条约必须遵守（协议必须保持） 。 [ 27 ]在普通法司法管辖区，三个关键要素，建立一个合同是必要的：要约和承诺，审议并打算建立的法律关系。在Carlill诉石炭酸烟球公司的医疗公司公布其新的特效药，在smokeball ，将治愈人的禽流感，如果它没有，买方将获得￡ 100 。许多人对他们的起诉￡ 100的药物时，没有工作。由于担心破产，石炭酸争辩的广告并没有被作为一个严重的，具有法律约束力的要约。这是一个邀请，治疗，仅仅吹，一个花招。但上诉法院认为，一个合理的男子石炭酸了一个严重的报价。人民提供了良好的考虑它去“独特的不便， ”用一个错误的产品。 “阅读的广告你会怎样，并缠住了，因为你们会说， ”大法官林德利， “这里是一个独特的承诺表示语言是完全无误的。 ” [ 28 ]
“审议”表明一个事实，即所有各方的合同交换有价值的东西。一些普通法制度，包括澳大利亚，正在远离的想法审议一项要求。这个想法不容反悔或缔约过失责任，可用于制作过程中承担的义务前的合同谈判。 [ 29 ]在民事普通法司法管辖区，审议不需要合同具有约束力。 [ 30 ]在法国，一个普通的合同说来简单形式的基础上，一个“会议的头脑”或“同意的遗嘱” 。德国具有特殊的办法，合同，这关系到知识产权法。他们将抽象的原则' （ Abstraktionsprinzip ）指个人义务的合同形式分开的财产所有权被授予。当合同是无效的因某种原因（如汽车买主是喝醉了，他缺乏法律行为能力的合同） [ 31 ]合同义务支付可以分开无效的专利所有权的汽车。不当得利的法律，而不是合同法，然后用于恢复所有权的合法拥有者。 [ 32

2. 请问法律合同法里的offer, agreement, puff, consideration分别是什么意思啊，谢谢

offer在法律上一般翻译为要约，指当事人一方提出订约条件，愿与对方订立合同的意专向表示。

agreement的意思属为协议。

puff的意思为气喘吁吁。

consideration的意思为考虑。

(2)合同法merepuff扩展阅读：

offer要约的条件：

a.要约的内容必须具体明确。所谓“具体”是指要约的内容必须具有足以使合同成立的主要条款。如果没有包含合同的主要条款，受要约人难以做出承诺，即使做出了承诺，也会因为双方的这种合意不具备合同的的主要条款而使合同不能成立。

所谓“确定”，是指要约的内容必须明确，而不能含糊不清，否则无法承诺。

b.要约必须具有订立合同的意图，表明一经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示的拘束。

3. 请帮忙做一个用英文介绍国际合同法的PPT，万分感谢

Contract law regulates the exchange of promises between parties to perform or refrain from performing an act enforceable in a court of law. Contracts can be formed from oral or written agreements. The concept of a "contract" is based on the Latin phrase pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept).[27] In common law jurisdictions, three key elements to the creation of a contract are necessary: offer and acceptance, consideration and the intention to create legal relations. In Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Company a medical firm advertised that its new wonder drug, the smokeball, would cure people's flu, and if it did not, the buyers would get ￡100. Many people sued for their ￡100 when the drug did not work. Fearing bankruptcy, Carbolic argued the advert was not to be taken as a serious, legally binding offer. It was an invitation to treat, mere puff, a gimmick. But the court of appeal held that to a reasonable man Carbolic had made a serious offer. People had given good consideration for it by going to the "distinct inconvenience" of using a faulty proct. "Read the advertisement how you will, and twist it about as you will", said Lord Justice Lindley, "here is a distinct promise expressed in language which is perfectly unmistakable".[28]
"Consideration" indicates the fact that all parties to a contract have exchanged something of value. Some common law systems, including Australia, are moving away from the idea of consideration as a requirement. The idea of estoppel or culpa in contrahendo, can be used to create obligations ring pre-contractual negotiations.[29] In civil law jurisdictions, consideration is not required for a contract to be binding.[30] In France, an ordinary contract is said to form simply on the basis of a "meeting of the minds" or a "concurrence of wills". Germany has a special approach to contracts, which ties into property law. Their 'abstraction principle' (Abstraktionsprinzip) means that the personal obligation of contract forms separately from the title of property being conferred. When contracts are invalidated for some reason (e.g. a car buyer is so drunk that he lacks legal capacity to contract)[31] the contractual obligation to pay can be invalidated separately from the proprietary title of the car. Unjust enrichment law, rather than contract law, is then used to restore title to the rightful owner.[32]