勞動法英文參考文獻
A. 求2008新勞動法英文版本
LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
Adopted at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress on June 29, 2007
Effective from January 1, 2008
By Baker & MCKenzie
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
This Law has been formulated in order to improve the employment contract system, to specify the rights and obligations of the parties to employment contracts, to protect the lawful rights and interests of Employees and to build and develop harmonious and stable employment relationships.
Article 2
This Law governs the establishment of employment relationships between, and the conclusion, performance, amendment, termination and ending of employment contracts by, organizations such as enterprises, indivial economic organizations and private non-enterprise units in the People』s Republic of China (「」) on the one hand and Employees in the People』s Republic of China on the other hand.
The conclusion, performance, amendment, termination and ending of employment contracts by state authorities, institutions or social organizations on the one hand and Employees with whom they establish employment relationships on the other hand, shall be handled pursuant to this Law.
Article 3
The conclusion of employment contracts shall comply with the principles of lawfulness, fairness, equality, free will, negotiated consensus and good faith.
A lawfully concluded employment contract is binding, and both the Employer and the Employee shall perform their respective obligations stipulated therein.
Article 4
Employers shall establish and improve internal rules and regulations, so as to ensure that Employees enjoy their labor rights and perform their labor obligations.
When an Employer formulates, revises or decides on rules and regulations, or material matters, that have a direct bearing on the immediate interests of its Employees, such as those concerning compensation, work hours, rest, leave, work safety and hygiene, insurance, benefits, employee training, work discipline or work quota management, the same shall be discussed by the employee representative congress or all the employees. The employee representative congress or all the employees, as the case may be, shall put forward a proposal and comments, whereupon the matter shall be determined through consultations with the Trade union or employee representatives concted on a basis of equality.
If, ring the implementation of an Employer』s rule or regulation or decision on a crucial matter, the Trade union or an employee is of the opinion that the same is inappropriate, it or he is entitled to communicate such opinion to the Employer, and the rule, regulation or decision shall be improved by making amendments after consultations.
Rules and regulations, and decisions on material matters, that have a direct bearing on the immediate interests of Employees shall be made public or be communicated to the Employees by the Employer.
Article 5
The labor administration authorities of People』s Governments at the county level and above, together with the Trade union and enterprise representatives, shall establish a comprehensive tri-partite mechanism for the coordination of employment relationships, in order to jointly study and resolve major issues concerning employment relationships.
Article 6
A Trade union shall assist and guide Employees in the conclusion of employment contracts with their Employer and the performance thereof in accordance with the law, and establish a collective bargaining mechanism with the Employer in order to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of Employees.
CHAPTER 2 CONCLUSION OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
Article 7
B. 勞動合同法怎麼寫在參考文獻里格式是什麼樣的
「勞動合同法」是一部法律，直接引用。用書名號括起來《中華人民共和回國勞動合同法》（答圖書編號:2370201 ；出版社:民主法制出版社；ISBN:780219222出版日期:2007-06-01 ）
C. 勞動法方面的英文參考文獻
1、Joseph Mc Guire,Business and Society,New York:McGraw-Hill,1963
2、 James .Brummer,Coporate Responsibility and Lgitimacy,Greenwood Press,1991
3、tames E.post,William C.Frederick,Anne T.Lawrence & James Weber,Business and society: Corporate Strategy Public Policy, Ethics (Eightth edition) , McGraw-Hill, 1966
4、M.Firedman,The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its profits[J].New York Times Magazine,Sep,13,1970.
5、Oliver Sheldon, The Philosophy of Management(1924)
6、美E·博登海默著 《法理學——法律哲學與法律方法》 鄧正來譯 中國政法大學出版社1999年版
朋友，您看看這些行不？
D. 關於勞動法的外文文獻。關於勞動合同特徵之類的，謝謝、急急！！！
樓主能否幫忙發一份給我，畢業論文急用，非常感謝！我的郵箱是：[email protected]
E. 急求！！！！英文版 關於貫徹執行<中華人民共和國勞動法>若干問題的意見
沒聽說過還有英文來版的自。
法律規定，要求措辭很嚴謹的，翻譯成英文很難准確地表達原意，翻譯的人必須了解中國和西方相應國家的法律。
在《勞動法》中「應該」，表達的意思是「必須」。可是在西方國家卻並非如此。所以如果翻譯成英文，肯定就走樣了，必須以中文的願意為依據。
可以找個熟悉勞動政策的專家，將有關條款解釋一下，翻譯在場與專家溝通清楚具體的意思表示後，再翻譯成英文。你所說109號文是1995年的，一共100條，又稱為「一百條」，很多規定都過時了，有些條款對外企沒有用，現成英文版的可能性幾乎為零。
F. 誰有勞動法的英文版本
Labor Law of People's Republic of China
LABOR LAW OF PEOPLE』 S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Promulgated on July 5 1994
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (Sections 1-9)
CHAPTER II. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT (Sections 10-15 )
CHAPTER III. LABOR CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS (Sections 16-35 )
CHAPTER IV. WORKING HOURS, REST AND VACATIONS (Sections 36-45)
CHAPTER V. WAGES (Sections 46-51 )
CHAPTER VI. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (Sections 52-57 )
CHAPTER VII. SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR FEMALE STAFF AND JUVENILE WORKERS (Sections 58-65 )
CHAPTER VIII. VOCATIONAL TRAINING (Sections 66-69 )
CHAPTER IX. SOCIAL INSURANCE AND WELFARE (Sections 70-76)
CHAPTER X. LABOR DISPUTES (Sections 77-84 )
CHAPTER XI. SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION (Sections 85-88)
CHAPTER XII. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY (Sections 89-105 )
CHAPTER XIII. SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS (Sections 106-107 )
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CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, readjust labor relationship, establish and safeguard a labor system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress.
Section 2. This Law applies to all enterprises and indivial economic organizations (hereafter referred to as employing units) within the boundary of the People's Republic of China, and laborers who form a labor relationship therewith.
State organs, institutional organizations and societies as well as laborers who form a labor contract relationship therewith shall follow this Law.
Section 3. Laborers shall have the right to be employed on an equal basis, choose occupations, obtain remuneration for their labor, take rest, have holidays and leaves, obtain protection of occupational safety and health, receive training in vocational skills, enjoy social insurance and welfare, and submit applications for settlement of labor disputes, and other rights relating to labor as stipulated by law.
Laborers shall fulfil their labor tasks , improve their vocational skills, follow rules on occupational safety and health, and observe labor discipline and professional ethics.
Section 4. The employing units shall establish and perfect rules and regulations in accordance with the law so as to ensure that laborers enjoy the right to work and fulfil labor obligations.
Section 5. The State shall take various measures to promote employment, develop vocational ecation, lay down labor standards, regulate social incomes, perfect social insurance system, coordinate labor relationship, and graally raise the living standard of laborers.
Section 6. The State shall advocate the participation of laborers in social voluntary labor and the development of their labor competitions and activities of forwarding rational proposals, encourage and protect the scientific research and technical renovation engaged by laborers, as well as their inventions and creations; and commend and award labor models and advanced workers.
Section 7. Laborers shall have the right to participate in and organize trade unions in accordance with the law.
Trade Unions shall represent and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, and independently conct their activities in accordance with the law.
Section 8. Laborers shall, through the assembly of staff and workers or their congress, or other forms in accordance with the provisions of laws, rules and regulations, take part in democratic management or consult with the employing units on an equal footing about protection of the legitimate rights and interests of laborers.
Section 9. The labor administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the management of labor of the whole country.
The labor administrative departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the management of labor in the administrative areas under their respective jurisdiction.
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CHAPTER II. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT
Section 10. The State shall create conditions for employment and increase opportunities for employment by means of the promotion of economic and social development.
The State shall encourage enterprises, institutional organizations, and societies to initiate instries or expand businesses for the increase of employment within the scope of the stipulation of laws, and administrative rules and regulations.
The State shall support laborers to get jobs by organizing themselves on a voluntary basis or by engaging in indivial businesses.
Section 11. Local people's governments in various levels shall take measures to develop various kinds of job-introction agencies and provide employment services.
Section 12. Laborers shall not be discriminated against in employment, regardless of their ethnic community, race, sex, or religious belief.
Section 13. Females shall enjoy equal rights as males in employment. It shall not be allowed, in the recruitment of staff and workers, to use sex as a protext for excluding females from employment or to raise recruitment standards for the females, except for the types of work or posts that are not suitable for females as stipulated by the State.
Section 14. Where there are special stipulations in laws, rules and regulations on the employment of the disabled, the personnel of national minorities, and demobilized army men, such special stipulations shall apply.
Section 15. No employing units shall be allowed to recruit juveniles under the age of 16.
Units of literature and art, physical culture and sport, and special arts and crafts that need to recruit juveniles under the age of 16 must go through the formalities of examination and approval according to the relevant provisions of the State and guarantee their right to compulsory ecation.
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CHAPTER III. EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS
Section 16. A labor contract is the agreement reached between a laborer and an employing unit for the establishment of the labor relationship and the definition of the rights, interests and obligations of each party.
A labor contract shall be concluded where a labor relationship is to be established.
Section 17. Conclusion and modification of a labor contract shall follow the principles of equality, voluntariness and unanimity through consultation, and shall not run counter to the stipulations of laws, administrative rules and regulations.
A labor contract once concluded in accordance with the law shall possess legal binding force. The parties involved must fulfil the obligations stipulated in the labor contract.
Section 18. The following labor contracts shall be invalid:
(1) labor contracts concluded in violation of laws, administrative rules and regulations; and
(2) labor contracts concluded by resorting to such measures as cheating and intimidation.
An invalid labor contract shall have no legal binding force from the very beginning of its conclusion. Where a part of a labor contract is confirmed as invalid and where the validity of the remaining part is not affected, the remaining part hall remain valid.
The invalidity of a labor contract shall be confirmed by a labor dispute arbitration committee or a people's court.
Section 19. A labor contract shall be concluded in written form and contain the following clauses:
(1) term of labor contract;
(2) contracts of work;
(3) labor protection and working conditions;
(4) labor remuneration;
(5) labor disciplines;
(6) conditions for the termination of a labor contract; and
(7) responsibility for the violation of a labor contract.
Apart from the required clauses specified in the preceding paragraph, other contents in a labor contract may be agreed upon through consultation by the parties involved.
Section 20. The term of a labor contract shall be divided into fixed term, flexible term or taking the completion of a specific amount of work as a term.
In case a laborer has kept working in a same employing unit for ten years or more and the parties involved agree to extend the term of the labor contract, a labor contract with a flexible term shall be concluded between them if the laborer so requested.
Section 21. A probation period may be agreed upon in a labor contract. The longest probation period shall not exceed six months.
Section 22. The parties involved in a labor contract may reach an agreement in their labor contract on matters concerning keeping the commercial secrets of the employing unit.
Section 23. A labor contract shall terminate upon the expiration of its term or the emergence of the conditions for the termination of the labor contract as agreed upon by the parties involved.
Section 24. A labor contract may be revoked upon agreement reached between the parties involved through consultation.
Section 25. The employing unit may revoke the labor contract with a laborer in any of the following circumstances:
(1) to be proved not up to the requirements for recruitment ring the probation period;
(2) to seriously violate labor disciplines or the rules and regulations of the employing unit;
(3) to cause great losses to the employing unit e to serious dereliction of ty or engagement in malpractice for selfish ends; and
(4) to be investigated for criminal responsibilities in accordance with the law.
Section 26. In any of the following circumstances, the employing unit may revoke a labor contract but a written notification shall be given to the laborer 30 days in advance;
(1) where a laborer is unable to take up his original work or any new work arranged by the employing unit after the completion of his medical treatment for illness or injury not suffered at work;
(2) when a laborer is unqualified for his work and remains unqualified even after receiving a training or an adjustment to any other work post; and
(3) no agreement on modification of the labor contract can be reached through consultation by the parties involved when the objective conditions taken as the basis for the conclusion of the contract have greatly changed so that the original labor contract can no longer be carried out.
Section 27. During the period of statutory consolidation when the employing unit comes to the brink of bankruptcy or runs into difficulties in proction and management, and if rection of its personnel becomes really necessary, the unit may make such rection after it has explained the situation to the trade union or all of its staff and workers 30 days in advance, solicited opinions from them and reported to the labor administrative department.
Where the employing unit is to recruit personnel six months after the personnel rection effected according to the stipulations of this section, the reced personnel shall have the priority to be re-employed.
Section 28. The employing unit shall make economic compensations in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State if it revokes its labor contracts according to the stipulations in section 24, section 26 and section 27 of this Law.
Section 29. The employing unit shall not revoke its labor contract with a laborer in accordance with the stipulations in section 26 and section 27 of this Law in any of the following circumstances:
(1) to be confirmed to have totally or partially lost the ability to work e to occupational diseases or injuries suffered at work;
(2) to be receiving medical treatment for diseases or injuries within the prescribed period of time;
(3) to be a female staff member or worker ring pregnant, puerperal, or breast-feeding period; or
(4) other circumstances stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.
Section 30. The trade union of an employing unit shall have the right to air its opinions if it regards as inappropriate the revocation of a labor contract by the unit. If the employing unit violates laws, rules and regulations or labor contracts, the trade union shall have the right to request for reconsideration. Where the laborer applies for arbitration or brings in a lawsuit, the trade union shall render him support and assistance in accordance with the law.
Section 31. A laborer who intends to revoke his labor contract shall give a written notice to the employing unit 30 days in advance.
Section 32. A laborer may notify at any time the employing unit of his decision to revoke the labor contract in any of the following circumstances:
(1) within the probation period;
(2) where the employing unit forces the laborer to work by resorting to violence, intimidation or illegal restriction of personal freedom; or
(3) failure on the part of the employing unit to pay labor remuneration or to provide working conditions as agreed upon in the labor contract.
Section 33. The staff and workers of an enterprise as one party may conclude a collective contract with the enterprise on matters relating to labor remuneration, working hours, rest and vacations, occupational safety and health, and insurance and welfare. The draft collective contract shall be submitted to the congress of the staff and workers or to all the staff and workers for discussion and adoption.
A collective contract shall be concluded by the trade union on behalf of the staff and workers with the enterprise; in enterprise where the trade union has not yet been set up, such contract shall be also concluded by the representatives elected by the staff and workers with the enterprise.
Section 34. A collective contract shall be submitted to the labor administrative department after its conclusion. The collective contract shall go into effect automatically if no objections are raised by the labor administrative department within 15 days from the date of the receipt of a of the contract.
Section 35. Collective contracts concluded in accordance with the law shall have binding force to both the enterprise and all of its staff and workers. The standards on working conditions and labor payments agreed upon in labor contracts concluded between indivial laborers and the enterprise shall not be lower than those as stipulated in collective contracts.
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CHAPTER IV. WORKING HOURS, REST AND VACATIONS
Section 36. The State shall practice a working hour system under which laborers shall work for no more than eight hours a day and or more than 44 hours a week on average.
Section 37. In case of laborers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in section 36 of this Law.
Section 38. The employing unit shall guarantee that its staff and workers have at least one day off in a week.
Section 39. Where an enterprise cannot follow the stipulations in section 36 and section 38 of this Law e to its special proction nature, it may adopt other rules on working hours and rest with the approval of the labor administrative department.
Section 40. The employing unit shall arrange holidays for laborers in accordance with the law ring the following festivals:
(1) the New Year's Day;
(2) the Spring Festival;
(3) the International Labor Day;
(4) the National Day; and
(5) other holidays stipulated by laws and regulations.
Section 41. The employing unit may extend working hours e to the requirements of its proction or business after consultation with the trade union and laborers, but the extended working hour for a day shall generally not exceed one hour; if such extension is called for e to special reasons, the extended hours shall not exceed three hours a day under the condition that the health of laborers is guaranteed. However, the total extension in a month shall not exceed 36 hours.
Section 42. The extension of working hours shall not be subject to restriction of the provisions of section 41 of this Law under any of the following circumstances:
(1) where emergent dealing is needed in the event of natural disaster, accident or other reason that threatens the life, health and the safety of property of laborers;
(2) where prompt rush repair is needed in the event of breakdown of proction equipment, transportation, lines or public facilities that affects proction and public interests; and
(3) other circumstances as stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.
Section 43. The employing unit shall not extend working hours of laborers in violation of the provisions of this Law.
Section 44. The employing unit shall, according to the following standards, pay laborers remunerations higher than those for normal working hours under any of the following circumstances;
(1) to pay no less than 150 per cent of the normal wages if the extension of working hours is arranged;
(2) to pay no less than 200 per cent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on days of rest and no deferred rest can be taken; and
(3) to pay no less than 300 per cent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on statutory holidays.
Section 45. The State shall practice a system of annual vacation with pay.
Laborers who have kept working for one year and more shall be entitled to annual vacation with pay. The concrete measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
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CHAPTER V. WAGES
Section 46. The distribution of wages shall follow the principle of distribution according to work and equal pay for equal work.
The level of wages shall be graally raised on the basis of economic development. The State shall exercise macro-regulations and control over the total wages.
Section 47. The employing unit shall independently determine its form of wage distribution and wage level for its own unit according to law and based on the characteristics of its proction and business and economic results.
Section 48. The State shall implement a system of guaranteed minimum wages. Specific standards on minimum wages shall be determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government and reported to the State Council for the record.
Wages paid to laborers by the employing unit shall not be lower than the local standards on minimum wages.
Section 49. The determination and readjustment of the standards on minimum wages shall be made with reference to the following factors in a comprehensive manner:
(1) the lowest living expenses of laborers themselves and the average family members they support;
(2) the average wage level of the society as a whole;
(3) labor proctivity;
(4) the situation of employment; and
(5) the different levels of economic development between regions.
Section 50. Wages shall be paid monthly to laborers themselves in form of currency. The wages paid to laborers shall not be dected or delayed without justification.
Section 51. The employing unit shall pay wages to laborers who observe statutory holidays, take leaves ring the periods of marriage or funeral, or participate in social activities in accordance with the law.
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CHAPTER VI. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Section 52. The employing unit must establish and perfect the system for occupational safety and health, strictly implement the rules and standards of the State on occupational safety and health, ecate laborers on occupational safety and health, prevent accidents in the process of work, and r
G. 拜求一篇3000字左右的英文文章，主要內容得是和勞動合同法有關！！！！
國外無期限勞動合同
Legislative point of view from abroad, non-fixed term labor contract was unanimously endorsed by the labor contract for the normal, labor relations are the existence of the general form, as long as there is no legal case to terminate the contract unilaterally, labor relations have been continued until retired workers . Promulgated by the EU in 1999 on the protection of fixed-term labor contracts of employees Directive (1999/70/EU) clearly states: "No fixed-term labor contracts are the general form of labor relations, contribute to the protection of employee's livelihood, improve their occupational stability treatment and work. "Since 1982, French labor law clearly stipulates:" The enactment of the labor contract shall not determine the ration "(Labor Code, the law, section 121-5 of the Covenant). Employers and employees should normally be set no fixed deadline for the labor contract.
Above the EU regarding the protection of fixed-term labor contracts of employees Directive (1999/70/EU) clearly states: "fixed-term labor contract applicable to special circumstances, by members of the Legislative Council in accordance with the characteristics of the instry groups, in consultation with the views of employers and employees to determine its application the scope of its renewal. "French Labor Code provides that fixed-term employment contract only applies to the following circumstances: First, alternative sick leave, maternity leave, such as the suspension of the labor contract employees; are two changes in business activity in the seasonal or jobs on a temporary increase in the application; three are to address the problem of unemployment in some staff to enter into some special labor contracts, such as for long-term unemployed young people and to enter into mutual aid employment, adaptability and access to qualified labor contract (Code of Laws, section 122-1-1 of the Covenant). Code also explicitly cited the two fixed-term employment contract to prohibit the signing of the situation: First, the recruitment of employees by collective labor conflicts alternative (such as a strike) and to suspend the performance of the labor contract employees; two ministerial regulations are listed in a special on dangerous jobs (Article 122-3 of the Covenant). In addition, the ration of fixed-term employment contract and the renewal was also limited. Fixed-term employment contract can only be renewed once the renewal period of the original contract period plus the general should not exceed 18 months. After the expiry of fixed-term employment contract to continue the existence of labor relations, that is to have no fixed term labor contract relationship; on employers in a number of positions for an employee with a fixed labor contracts and also regarded as non-fixed term labor contract relationship; only because of the seasonal job, made a regular basis regardless of how the renewal of labor contracts are fixed-term employment contract (Article 122-1-2 of the Covenant). British labor law in order to implement the EU directive in 1999 to develop a fixed-term labor contract on the employee's Ordinance (October 1, 2002 come into operation). Under the Ordinance, the fixed-term labor contracts and the renewal of the initial period of total ration of no more than 4 years in general. More than four years after the labor relations continue to exist, unless the employer has objective reasons to justify the signing of a fixed-term contracts, shall be deemed non-fixed term labor contract. German labor law also requires the promotion of fixed-term labor contracts for periods of not longer than 18 months.
In the United States, both employers and employees what type of labor contract entered into without any coercion, the parties may be at a fixed period and no fixed term labor contract in one, while in Germany, France, on fixed-term labor contracts directly applicable to the case be restricted
翻譯：
從國外立法來看，無固定期限的勞動合同被一致肯定為勞動合同的常態，是勞動關系存續的一般形式，只要不出現法定的單方解除合同的情形，勞動關系就一直接續下去，直到職工退休。歐盟1999年頒布的關於保護固定期限勞動合同雇員的指令（1999/70/EU）明確指出：「無固定期限的勞動合同是勞動關系的一般形式，有助於保護雇員的生活、改善其職業穩定性和工作待遇。」從1982年起，法國勞動法明確規定：「勞動合同的訂立不得確定期限」（勞動法典法律編第121－5條）。僱主與雇員通常應當訂立無固定期限的勞動合同。
歐盟上述關於保護固定期限勞動合同雇員的指令（1999/70/EU）明確指出：「固定期限的勞動合同適用於特殊情形下，由成員國立法根據行業的特點在征詢勞資團體意見後確定其適用范圍及其續延。」法國勞動法典規定定期勞動合同只能適用於下列情況之下：一是替代休病假、產假等勞動合同中止的雇員；二是企業經營活動變化時，在季節性或臨時增加的工作崗位上適用；三是為解決某些人員失業問題而訂立的某些特殊的勞動合同，如針對青年人和長期失業人員而訂立的就業互助性、適應性和獲得資格性的勞動合同（法典法律編第122－1－1條）。法典還明確列舉了兩種禁止簽訂定期勞動合同的情況：一是招聘僱員替代因集體勞動沖突（如罷工）而中止履行勞動合同的雇員；二是部頒規章所列的特別危險的工作崗位上（第122－3條）。此外，定期勞動合同的期限和續訂也受到限制。定期勞動合同只能續訂一次，續訂期限加上原合同期限一般不得超過18個月。定期勞動合同期滿後勞動關系繼續存續的，即轉為無固定期限勞動合同關系；僱主在多個崗位上與某一雇員連續訂立定期勞動合同的情況，也視為無固定期限勞動合同關系；只有因季節性工作訂立的定期勞動合同不論怎樣續訂，都是定期勞動合同（第122－1－2條）。英國勞動法為了落實歐盟1999年的指令制定了關於固定期限勞動合同雇員的條例（2002年10月1日起實施）。根據該條例，固定期限勞動合同的初始期限和續延期限總合一般不得超過4年。超過4年後勞動關系繼續存在的，除非僱主有客觀理由證明需要簽訂固定期限合同，否則即視為無固定期限的勞動合同關系。德國勞動促進法也要求固定期限勞動合同的期限不得長於18個月。
在美國，對勞資雙方簽訂何種類型勞動合同無任何強制，當事人可在固定期限和無固定期限勞動合同中任選，而在德國、法國，對固定期限勞動合同的適用情形直接予以限制
H. 大家有新勞動法的英文版本嗎
Labor Law of People's Republic of China
LABOR LAW OF PEOPLE』 S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Promulgated on July 5 1994
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (Sections 1-9)
CHAPTER II. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT (Sections 10-15 )
CHAPTER III. LABOR CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS (Sections 16-35 )
CHAPTER IV. WORKING HOURS, REST AND VACATIONS (Sections 36-45)
CHAPTER V. WAGES (Sections 46-51 )
CHAPTER VI. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (Sections 52-57 )
CHAPTER VII. SPECIAL PROTECTION FOR FEMALE STAFF AND JUVENILE WORKERS (Sections 58-65 )
CHAPTER VIII. VOCATIONAL TRAINING (Sections 66-69 )
CHAPTER IX. SOCIAL INSURANCE AND WELFARE (Sections 70-76)
CHAPTER X. LABOR DISPUTES (Sections 77-84 )
CHAPTER XI. SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION (Sections 85-88)
CHAPTER XII. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY (Sections 89-105 )
CHAPTER XIII. SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS (Sections 106-107 )
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CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, readjust labor relationship, establish and safeguard a labor system suited to the socialist market economy, and promote economic development and social progress.
Section 2. This Law applies to all enterprises and indivial economic organizations (hereafter referred to as employing units) within the boundary of the People's Republic of China, and laborers who form a labor relationship therewith.
State organs, institutional organizations and societies as well as laborers who form a labor contract relationship therewith shall follow this Law.
Section 3. Laborers shall have the right to be employed on an equal basis, choose occupations, obtain remuneration for their labor, take rest, have holidays and leaves, obtain protection of occupational safety and health, receive training in vocational skills, enjoy social insurance and welfare, and submit applications for settlement of labor disputes, and other rights relating to labor as stipulated by law.
Laborers shall fulfil their labor tasks , improve their vocational skills, follow rules on occupational safety and health, and observe labor discipline and professional ethics.
Section 4. The employing units shall establish and perfect rules and regulations in accordance with the law so as to ensure that laborers enjoy the right to work and fulfil labor obligations.
Section 5. The State shall take various measures to promote employment, develop vocational ecation, lay down labor standards, regulate social incomes, perfect social insurance system, coordinate labor relationship, and graally raise the living standard of laborers.
Section 6. The State shall advocate the participation of laborers in social voluntary labor and the development of their labor competitions and activities of forwarding rational proposals, encourage and protect the scientific research and technical renovation engaged by laborers, as well as their inventions and creations; and commend and award labor models and advanced workers.
Section 7. Laborers shall have the right to participate in and organize trade unions in accordance with the law.
Trade Unions shall represent and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of laborers, and independently conct their activities in accordance with the law.
Section 8. Laborers shall, through the assembly of staff and workers or their congress, or other forms in accordance with the provisions of laws, rules and regulations, take part in democratic management or consult with the employing units on an equal footing about protection of the legitimate rights and interests of laborers.
Section 9. The labor administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the management of labor of the whole country.
The labor administrative departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the management of labor in the administrative areas under their respective jurisdiction.
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CHAPTER II. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT
Section 10. The State shall create conditions for employment and increase opportunities for employment by means of the promotion of economic and social development.
The State shall encourage enterprises, institutional organizations, and societies to initiate instries or expand businesses for the increase of employment within the scope of the stipulation of laws, and administrative rules and regulations.
The State shall support laborers to get jobs by organizing themselves on a voluntary basis or by engaging in indivial businesses.
Section 11. Local people's governments in various levels shall take measures to develop various kinds of job-introction agencies and provide employment services.
Section 12. Laborers shall not be discriminated against in employment, regardless of their ethnic community, race, sex, or religious belief.
Section 13. Females shall enjoy equal rights as males in employment. It shall not be allowed, in the recruitment of staff and workers, to use sex as a protext for excluding females from employment or to raise recruitment standards for the females, except for the types of work or posts that are not suitable for females as stipulated by the State.
Section 14. Where there are special stipulations in laws, rules and regulations on the employment of the disabled, the personnel of national minorities, and demobilized army men, such special stipulations shall apply.
Section 15. No employing units shall be allowed to recruit juveniles under the age of 16.
Units of literature and art, physical culture and sport, and special arts and crafts that need to recruit juveniles under the age of 16 must go through the formalities of examination and approval according to the relevant provisions of the State and guarantee their right to compulsory ecation.
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CHAPTER III. EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS AND COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS
Section 16. A labor contract is the agreement reached between a laborer and an employing unit for the establishment of the labor relationship and the definition of the rights, interests and obligations of each party.
A labor contract shall be concluded where a labor relationship is to be established.
Section 17. Conclusion and modification of a labor contract shall follow the principles of equality, voluntariness and unanimity through consultation, and shall not run counter to the stipulations of laws, administrative rules and regulations.
A labor contract once concluded in accordance with the law shall possess legal binding force. The parties involved must fulfil the obligations stipulated in the labor contract.
Section 18. The following labor contracts shall be invalid:
(1) labor contracts concluded in violation of laws, administrative rules and regulations; and
(2) labor contracts concluded by resorting to such measures as cheating and intimidation.
An invalid labor contract shall have no legal binding force from the very beginning of its conclusion. Where a part of a labor contract is confirmed as invalid and where the validity of the remaining part is not affected, the remaining part hall remain valid.
The invalidity of a labor contract shall be confirmed by a labor dispute arbitration committee or a people's court.
Section 19. A labor contract shall be concluded in written form and contain the following clauses:
(1) term of labor contract;
(2) contracts of work;
(3) labor protection and working conditions;
(4) labor remuneration;
(5) labor disciplines;
(6) conditions for the termination of a labor contract; and
(7) responsibility for the violation of a labor contract.
Apart from the required clauses specified in the preceding paragraph, other contents in a labor contract may be agreed upon through consultation by the parties involved.
Section 20. The term of a labor contract shall be divided into fixed term, flexible term or taking the completion of a specific amount of work as a term.
In case a laborer has kept working in a same employing unit for ten years or more and the parties involved agree to extend the term of the labor contract, a labor contract with a flexible term shall be concluded between them if the laborer so requested.
Section 21. A probation period may be agreed upon in a labor contract. The longest probation period shall not exceed six months.
Section 22. The parties involved in a labor contract may reach an agreement in their labor contract on matters concerning keeping the commercial secrets of the employing unit.
Section 23. A labor contract shall terminate upon the expiration of its term or the emergence of the conditions for the termination of the labor contract as agreed upon by the parties involved.
Section 24. A labor contract may be revoked upon agreement reached between the parties involved through consultation.
Section 25. The employing unit may revoke the labor contract with a laborer in any of the following circumstances:
(1) to be proved not up to the requirements for recruitment ring the probation period;
(2) to seriously violate labor disciplines or the rules and regulations of the employing unit;
(3) to cause great losses to the employing unit e to serious dereliction of ty or engagement in malpractice for selfish ends; and
(4) to be investigated for criminal responsibilities in accordance with the law.
Section 26. In any of the following circumstances, the employing unit may revoke a labor contract but a written notification shall be given to the laborer 30 days in advance;
(1) where a laborer is unable to take up his original work or any new work arranged by the employing unit after the completion of his medical treatment for illness or injury not suffered at work;
(2) when a laborer is unqualified for his work and remains unqualified even after receiving a training or an adjustment to any other work post; and
(3) no agreement on modification of the labor contract can be reached through consultation by the parties involved when the objective conditions taken as the basis for the conclusion of the contract have greatly changed so that the original labor contract can no longer be carried out.
Section 27. During the period of statutory consolidation when the employing unit comes to the brink of bankruptcy or runs into difficulties in proction and management, and if rection of its personnel becomes really necessary, the unit may make such rection after it has explained the situation to the trade union or all of its staff and workers 30 days in advance, solicited opinions from them and reported to the labor administrative department.
Where the employing unit is to recruit personnel six months after the personnel rection effected according to the stipulations of this section, the reced personnel shall have the priority to be re-employed.
Section 28. The employing unit shall make economic compensations in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State if it revokes its labor contracts according to the stipulations in section 24, section 26 and section 27 of this Law.
Section 29. The employing unit shall not revoke its labor contract with a laborer in accordance with the stipulations in section 26 and section 27 of this Law in any of the following circumstances:
(1) to be confirmed to have totally or partially lost the ability to work e to occupational diseases or injuries suffered at work;
(2) to be receiving medical treatment for diseases or injuries within the prescribed period of time;
(3) to be a female staff member or worker ring pregnant, puerperal, or breast-feeding period; or
(4) other circumstances stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.
Section 30. The trade union of an employing unit shall have the right to air its opinions if it regards as inappropriate the revocation of a labor contract by the unit. If the employing unit violates laws, rules and regulations or labor contracts, the trade union shall have the right to request for reconsideration. Where the laborer applies for arbitration or brings in a lawsuit, the trade union shall render him support and assistance in accordance with the law.
Section 31. A laborer who intends to revoke his labor contract shall give a written notice to the employing unit 30 days in advance.
Section 32. A laborer may notify at any time the employing unit of his decision to revoke the labor contract in any of the following circumstances:
(1) within the probation period;
(2) where the employing unit forces the laborer to work by resorting to violence, intimidation or illegal restriction of personal freedom; or
(3) failure on the part of the employing unit to pay labor remuneration or to provide working conditions as agreed upon in the labor contract.
Section 33. The staff and workers of an enterprise as one party may conclude a collective contract with the enterprise on matters relating to labor remuneration, working hours, rest and vacations, occupational safety and health, and insurance and welfare. The draft collective contract shall be submitted to the congress of the staff and workers or to all the staff and workers for discussion and adoption.
A collective contract shall be concluded by the trade union on behalf of the staff and workers with the enterprise; in enterprise where the trade union has not yet been set up, such contract shall be also concluded by the representatives elected by the staff and workers with the enterprise.
Section 34. A collective contract shall be submitted to the labor administrative department after its conclusion. The collective contract shall go into effect automatically if no objections are raised by the labor administrative department within 15 days from the date of the receipt of a of the contract.
Section 35. Collective contracts concluded in accordance with the law shall have binding force to both the enterprise and all of its staff and workers. The standards on working conditions and labor payments agreed upon in labor contracts concluded between indivial laborers and the enterprise shall not be lower than those as stipulated in collective contracts.
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CHAPTER IV. WORKING HOURS, REST AND VACATIONS
Section 36. The State shall practice a working hour system under which laborers shall work for no more than eight hours a day and or more than 44 hours a week on average.
Section 37. In case of laborers working on the basis of piecework, the employing unit shall rationally fix quotas of work and standards on piecework remuneration in accordance with the working hour system stipulated in section 36 of this Law.
Section 38. The employing unit shall guarantee that its staff and workers have at least one day off in a week.
Section 39. Where an enterprise cannot follow the stipulations in section 36 and section 38 of this Law e to its special proction nature, it may adopt other rules on working hours and rest with the approval of the labor administrative department.
Section 40. The employing unit shall arrange holidays for laborers in accordance with the law ring the following festivals:
(1) the New Year's Day;
(2) the Spring Festival;
(3) the International Labor Day;
(4) the National Day; and
(5) other holidays stipulated by laws and regulations.
Section 41. The employing unit may extend working hours e to the requirements of its proction or business after consultation with the trade union and laborers, but the extended working hour for a day shall generally not exceed one hour; if such extension is called for e to special reasons, the extended hours shall not exceed three hours a day under the condition that the health of laborers is guaranteed. However, the total extension in a month shall not exceed 36 hours.
Section 42. The extension of working hours shall not be subject to restriction of the provisions of section 41 of this Law under any of the following circumstances:
(1) where emergent dealing is needed in the event of natural disaster, accident or other reason that threatens the life, health and the safety of property of laborers;
(2) where prompt rush repair is needed in the event of breakdown of proction equipment, transportation, lines or public facilities that affects proction and public interests; and
(3) other circumstances as stipulated by laws, administrative rules and regulations.
Section 43. The employing unit shall not extend working hours of laborers in violation of the provisions of this Law.
Section 44. The employing unit shall, according to the following standards, pay laborers remunerations higher than those for normal working hours under any of the following circumstances;
(1) to pay no less than 150 per cent of the normal wages if the extension of working hours is arranged;
(2) to pay no less than 200 per cent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on days of rest and no deferred rest can be taken; and
(3) to pay no less than 300 per cent of the normal wages if the extended hours are arranged on statutory holidays.
Section 45. The State shall practice a system of annual vacation with pay.
Laborers who have kept working for one year and more shall be entitled to annual vacation with pay. The concrete measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
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CHAPTER V. WAGES
Section 46. The distribution of wages shall follow the principle of distribution according to work and equal pay for equal work.
The level of wages shall be graally raised on the basis of economic development. The State shall exercise macro-regulations and control over the total wages.
Section 47. The employing unit shall independently determine its form of wage distribution and wage level for its own unit according to law and based on the characteristics of its proction and business and economic results.
Section 48. The State shall implement a system of guaranteed minimum wages. Specific standards on minimum wages shall be determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government and reported to the State Council for the record.
Wages paid to laborers by the employing unit shall not be lower than the local standards on minimum wages.
Section 49. The determination and readjustment of the standards on minimum wages shall be made with reference to the following factors in a comprehensive manner:
(1) the lowest living expenses of laborers themselves and the average family members they support;
(2) the average wage level of the society as a whole;
(3) labor proctivity;
(4) the situation of employment; and
(5) the different levels of economic development between regions.
Section 50. Wages shall be paid monthly to laborers themselves in form of currency. The wages paid to laborers shall not be dected or delayed without justification.
Section 51. The employing unit shall pay wages to laborers who observe statutory holidays, take leaves ring the periods of marriage or funeral, or participate in social activities in accordance with the law.
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